/*
 *    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 *    (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *    GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 *    Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
 */

/*
 * ClassifierErrorsPlotInstances.java
 * Copyright (C) 2009 University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
 */

package weka.gui.explorer;

import weka.classifiers.Classifier;
import weka.classifiers.Evaluation;
import weka.classifiers.IntervalEstimator;
import weka.classifiers.evaluation.NumericPrediction;
import weka.core.Attribute;
import weka.core.DenseInstance;
import weka.core.FastVector;
import weka.core.Instance;
import weka.core.Instances;
import weka.core.Utils;
import weka.gui.visualize.Plot2D;
import weka.gui.visualize.PlotData2D;

/**
 * A class for generating plottable visualization errors.
 * <p/>
 * Example usage:
 * <pre>
 * Instances train = ... // from somewhere
 * Instances test = ... // from somewhere
 * Classifier cls = ... // from somewhere
 * // build classifier
 * cls.buildClassifier(train);
 * // evaluate classifier and generate plot instances
 * ClassifierPlotInstances plotInstances = new ClassifierPlotInstances();
 * plotInstances.setClassifier(cls);
 * plotInstances.setInstances(train);
 * plotInstances.setClassIndex(train.classIndex());
 * plotInstances.setUp();
 * Evaluation eval = new Evaluation(train);
 * for (int i = 0; i &lt; test.numInstances(); i++)
 *   plotInstances.process(test.instance(i), cls, eval);
 * // generate visualization
 * VisualizePanel visPanel = new VisualizePanel();
 * visPanel.addPlot(plotInstances.getPlotData("plot name"));
 * visPanel.setColourIndex(plotInstances.getPlotInstances().classIndex()+1);
 * // clean up
 * plotInstances.cleanUp();
 * </pre>
 * 
 * @author  fracpete (fracpete at waikato dot ac dot nz)
 * @version $Revision: 6103 $
 */
public class ClassifierErrorsPlotInstances
  extends AbstractPlotInstances {

  /** for serialization. */
  private static final long serialVersionUID = -3941976365792013279L;

  /** the minimum plot size for numeric errors. */
  protected int m_MinimumPlotSizeNumeric;

  /** the maximum plot size for numeric errors. */
  protected int m_MaximumPlotSizeNumeric;
  
  /** whether to save the instances for visualization or just evaluate the 
   * instance. */
  protected boolean m_SaveForVisualization;
  
  /** for storing the plot shapes. */
  protected FastVector m_PlotShapes;
  
  /** for storing the plot sizes. */
  protected FastVector m_PlotSizes;
  
  /** the classifier being used. */
  protected Classifier m_Classifier;

  /** the class index. */
  protected int m_ClassIndex;
  
  /** the Evaluation object to use. */
  protected Evaluation m_Evaluation;
  
  /**
   * Initializes the members.
   */
  protected void initialize() {
    super.initialize();
    
    m_PlotShapes             = new FastVector();
    m_PlotSizes              = new FastVector();
    m_Classifier             = null;
    m_ClassIndex             = -1;
    m_Evaluation             = null;
    m_SaveForVisualization   = true;
    m_MinimumPlotSizeNumeric = ExplorerDefaults.getClassifierErrorsMinimumPlotSizeNumeric();
    m_MaximumPlotSizeNumeric = ExplorerDefaults.getClassifierErrorsMaximumPlotSizeNumeric();
  }
  
  /**
   * Sets the classifier used for making the predictions.
   * 
   * @param value	the classifier to use
   */
  public void setClassifier(Classifier value) {
    m_Classifier = value;
  }
  
  /**
   * Returns the currently set classifier.
   * 
   * @return		the classifier in use
   */
  public Classifier getClassifier() {
    return m_Classifier;
  }

  /**
   * Sets the 0-based class index.
   * 
   * @param index	the class index
   */
  public void setClassIndex(int index) {
    m_ClassIndex = index;
  }
  
  /**
   * Returns the 0-based class index.
   * 
   * @return		the class index
   */
  public int getClassIndex() {
    return m_ClassIndex;
  }

  /**
   * Sets the Evaluation object to use.
   * 
   * @param value	the evaluation to use
   */
  public void setEvaluation(Evaluation value) {
    m_Evaluation = value;
  }
  
  /**
   * Returns the Evaluation object in use.
   * 
   * @return		the evaluation object
   */
  public Evaluation getEvaluation() {
    return m_Evaluation;
  }
  
  /**
   * Sets whether the instances are saved for visualization or only evaluation
   * of the prediction is to happen.
   * 
   * @param value	if true then the instances will be saved
   */
  public void setSaveForVisualization(boolean value) {
    m_SaveForVisualization = value;
  }
  
  /**
   * Returns whether the instances are saved for visualization for only
   * evaluation of the prediction is to happen.
   * 
   * @return		true if the instances are saved
   */
  public boolean getSaveForVisualization() {
    return m_SaveForVisualization;
  }
  
  /**
   * Checks whether classifier, class index and evaluation are provided.
   */
  protected void check() {
    super.check();
    
    if (m_Classifier == null)
      throw new IllegalStateException("No classifier set!");
    
    if (m_ClassIndex == -1)
      throw new IllegalStateException("No class index set!");
    
    if (m_Evaluation == null)
      throw new IllegalStateException("No evaluation set");
  }
  
  /**
   * Sets up the structure for the plot instances. Sets m_PlotInstances to null
   * if instances are not saved for visualization.
   * 
   * @see #getSaveForVisualization()
   */
  protected void determineFormat() {
    FastVector 	hv;
    Attribute 	predictedClass;
    Attribute 	classAt;
    FastVector 	attVals;
    int		i;
    
    if (!m_SaveForVisualization) {
      m_PlotInstances = null;
      return;
    }
    
    hv = new FastVector();

    classAt = m_Instances.attribute(m_ClassIndex);
    if (classAt.isNominal()) {
      attVals = new FastVector();
      for (i = 0; i < classAt.numValues(); i++)
	attVals.addElement(classAt.value(i));
      predictedClass = new Attribute("predicted" + classAt.name(), attVals);
    }
    else {
      predictedClass = new Attribute("predicted" + classAt.name());
    }

    for (i = 0; i < m_Instances.numAttributes(); i++) {
      if (i == m_Instances.classIndex())
	hv.addElement(predictedClass);
      hv.addElement(m_Instances.attribute(i).copy());
    }
    
    m_PlotInstances = new Instances(
	m_Instances.relationName() + "_predicted", hv, m_Instances.numInstances());
    m_PlotInstances.setClassIndex(m_ClassIndex + 1);
  }
  
  /**
   * Process a classifier's prediction for an instance and update a
   * set of plotting instances and additional plotting info. m_PlotShape
   * for nominal class datasets holds shape types (actual data points have
   * automatic shape type assignment; classifier error data points have
   * box shape type). For numeric class datasets, the actual data points
   * are stored in m_PlotInstances and m_PlotSize stores the error (which is
   * later converted to shape size values).
   * 
   * @param toPredict 	the actual data point
   * @param classifier 	the classifier
   * @param eval 	the evaluation object to use for evaluating the classifier on
   * 			the instance to predict
   * @see		#m_PlotShapes
   * @see		#m_PlotSizes
   * @see		#m_PlotInstances
   */
  public void process(Instance toPredict, Classifier classifier, Evaluation eval) {
    double 	pred;
    double[] 	values;
    int		i;
    
    try {
      pred = eval.evaluateModelOnceAndRecordPrediction(classifier, toPredict);
      
      if (!m_SaveForVisualization)
	return;

      if (m_PlotInstances != null) {
        values = new double[m_PlotInstances.numAttributes()];
        for (i = 0; i < m_PlotInstances.numAttributes(); i++) {
          if (i < toPredict.classIndex()) {
            values[i] = toPredict.value(i);
          }
          else if (i == toPredict.classIndex()) {
            values[i]   = pred;
            values[i+1] = toPredict.value(i);
            i++;
          }
          else {
            values[i] = toPredict.value(i-1);
          }
        }

        m_PlotInstances.add(new DenseInstance(1.0, values));
        
        if (toPredict.classAttribute().isNominal()) {
          if (toPredict.isMissing(toPredict.classIndex()) || Utils.isMissingValue(pred)) {
            m_PlotShapes.addElement(new Integer(Plot2D.MISSING_SHAPE));
          }
          else if (pred != toPredict.classValue()) {
            // set to default error point shape
            m_PlotShapes.addElement(new Integer(Plot2D.ERROR_SHAPE));
          }
          else {
            // otherwise set to constant (automatically assigned) point shape
            m_PlotShapes.addElement(new Integer(Plot2D.CONST_AUTOMATIC_SHAPE));
          }
          m_PlotSizes.addElement(new Integer(Plot2D.DEFAULT_SHAPE_SIZE));
        }
        else {
          // store the error (to be converted to a point size later)
          Double errd = null;
          if (!toPredict.isMissing(toPredict.classIndex()) && !Utils.isMissingValue(pred)) {
            errd = new Double(pred - toPredict.classValue());
            m_PlotShapes.addElement(new Integer(Plot2D.CONST_AUTOMATIC_SHAPE));
          }
          else {
            // missing shape if actual class not present or prediction is missing
            m_PlotShapes.addElement(new Integer(Plot2D.MISSING_SHAPE));
          }
          m_PlotSizes.addElement(errd);
        }
      }
    }
    catch (Exception ex) {
      ex.printStackTrace();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Scales numeric class predictions into shape sizes for plotting
   * in the visualize panel.
   */
  protected void scaleNumericPredictions() {
    double 	maxErr;
    double 	minErr;
    double 	err;
    int		i;
    Double 	errd;
    double 	temp;
    
    maxErr = Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
    minErr = Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY;

    // find min/max errors
    for (i = 0; i < m_PlotSizes.size(); i++) {
      errd = (Double) m_PlotSizes.elementAt(i);
      if (errd != null) {
	err = Math.abs(errd.doubleValue());
        if (err < minErr)
	  minErr = err;
	if (err > maxErr)
	  maxErr = err;
      }
    }
    
    // scale errors
    for (i = 0; i < m_PlotSizes.size(); i++) {
      errd = (Double) m_PlotSizes.elementAt(i);
      if (errd != null) {
	err = Math.abs(errd.doubleValue());
	if (maxErr - minErr > 0) {
	  temp = (((err - minErr) / (maxErr - minErr)) * (m_MaximumPlotSizeNumeric - m_MinimumPlotSizeNumeric + 1));
	  m_PlotSizes.setElementAt(new Integer((int) temp) + m_MinimumPlotSizeNumeric, i);
	}
	else {
	  m_PlotSizes.setElementAt(new Integer(m_MinimumPlotSizeNumeric), i);
	}
      }
      else {
	m_PlotSizes.setElementAt(new Integer(m_MinimumPlotSizeNumeric), i);
      }
    }
  }
  
  /**
   * Adds the prediction intervals as additional attributes at the end.
   * Since classifiers can returns varying number of intervals per instance,
   * the dataset is filled with missing values for non-existing intervals.
   */
  protected void addPredictionIntervals() {
    int		maxNum;
    int		num;
    int		i;
    int		n;
    FastVector	preds;
    FastVector	atts;
    Instances	data;
    Instance	inst;
    Instance	newInst;
    double[]	values;
    double[][]	predInt;
    
    // determine the maximum number of intervals
    maxNum = 0;
    preds  = m_Evaluation.predictions();
    for (i = 0; i < preds.size(); i++) {
      num = ((NumericPrediction) preds.elementAt(i)).predictionIntervals().length;
      if (num > maxNum)
	maxNum = num;
    }
    
    // create new header
    atts = new FastVector();
    for (i = 0; i < m_PlotInstances.numAttributes(); i++)
      atts.addElement(m_PlotInstances.attribute(i));
    for (i = 0; i < maxNum; i++) {
      atts.addElement(new Attribute("predictionInterval_" + (i+1) + "-lowerBoundary"));
      atts.addElement(new Attribute("predictionInterval_" + (i+1) + "-upperBoundary"));
      atts.addElement(new Attribute("predictionInterval_" + (i+1) + "-width"));
    }
    data = new Instances(m_PlotInstances.relationName(), atts, m_PlotInstances.numInstances());
    data.setClassIndex(m_PlotInstances.classIndex());
    
    // update data
    for (i = 0; i < m_PlotInstances.numInstances(); i++) {
      inst = m_PlotInstances.instance(i);
      // copy old values
      values = new double[data.numAttributes()];
      System.arraycopy(inst.toDoubleArray(), 0, values, 0, inst.numAttributes());
      // add interval data
      predInt = ((NumericPrediction) preds.elementAt(i)).predictionIntervals();
      for (n = 0; n < maxNum; n++) {
	if (n < predInt.length){
	  values[m_PlotInstances.numAttributes() + n*3 + 0] = predInt[n][0];
	  values[m_PlotInstances.numAttributes() + n*3 + 1] = predInt[n][1];
	  values[m_PlotInstances.numAttributes() + n*3 + 2] = predInt[n][1] - predInt[n][0];
	}
	else {
	  values[m_PlotInstances.numAttributes() + n*3 + 0] = Utils.missingValue();
	  values[m_PlotInstances.numAttributes() + n*3 + 1] = Utils.missingValue();
	  values[m_PlotInstances.numAttributes() + n*3 + 2] = Utils.missingValue();
	}
      }
      // create new Instance
      newInst = new DenseInstance(inst.weight(), values);
      data.add(newInst);
    }
    
    m_PlotInstances = data;
  }
  
  /**
   * Performs optional post-processing.
   * 
   * @see #scaleNumericPredictions()
   * @see #addPredictionIntervals()
   */
  protected void finishUp() {
    super.finishUp();
    
    if (!m_SaveForVisualization)
      return;
    
    if (m_Instances.attribute(m_ClassIndex).isNumeric())
      scaleNumericPredictions();
    if (m_Classifier instanceof IntervalEstimator)
      addPredictionIntervals();
  }
  
  /**
   * Assembles and returns the plot. The relation name of the dataset gets
   * added automatically.
   * 
   * @param name	the name of the plot
   * @return		the plot or null if plot instances weren't saved for visualization
   * @throws Exception	if plot generation fails
   */
  protected PlotData2D createPlotData(String name) throws Exception {
    PlotData2D 	result;
    
    if (!m_SaveForVisualization)
      return null;
    
    result = new PlotData2D(m_PlotInstances);
    result.setShapeSize(m_PlotSizes);
    result.setShapeType(m_PlotShapes);
    result.setPlotName(name + " (" + m_Instances.relationName() + ")");
    result.addInstanceNumberAttribute();

    return result;
  }
  
  /**
   * For freeing up memory. Plot data cannot be generated after this call!
   */
  public void cleanUp() {
    super.cleanUp();
    
    m_Classifier = null;
    m_PlotShapes = null;
    m_PlotSizes  = null;
    m_Evaluation = null;
  }
}