Changes between Version 3 and Version 4 of TracFastCgi
- Timestamp:
- Aug 13, 2018, 11:36:48 AM (6 years ago)
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TracFastCgi
v3 v4 1 [[PageOutline]] 2 3 = Trac with FastCGI = 4 5 [http://www.fastcgi.com/ FastCGI] interface allows Trac to remain resident much like with [wiki:TracModPython mod_python] or [wiki:TracModWSGI mod_wsgi]. It is faster than external CGI interfaces which must start a new process for each request. Additionally, it is supported by much wider variety of web servers. 6 7 Note that unlike mod_python, FastCGI supports [http://httpd.apache.org/docs/suexec.html Apache SuEXEC], i.e. run with different permissions than web server running with (`mod_wsgi` supports the `WSGIDaemonProcess` with user / group parameters to achieve the same effect). 1 = Trac with FastCGI 2 3 [[TracGuideToc]] 4 [[PageOutline(2-5, Contents, floated)]] 5 6 [http://www.fastcgi.com/ FastCGI] interface allows Trac to remain resident much like with [wiki:TracModPython mod_python] or [wiki:TracModWSGI mod_wsgi]. It is faster than external CGI interfaces which must start a new process for each request. Additionally, it is supported by a much wider variety of web servers. 7 8 Note that unlike mod_python, FastCGI supports [http://httpd.apache.org/docs/suexec.html Apache SuEXEC], ie run with different permissions than the web server runs with. `mod_wsgi` supports the `WSGIDaemonProcess` with user / group parameters to achieve the same effect. 8 9 9 10 '''Note for Windows:''' Trac's FastCGI does not run under Windows, as Windows does not implement `Socket.fromfd`, which is used by `_fcgi.py`. If you want to connect to IIS, you may want to try [trac:TracOnWindowsIisAjp AJP]/[trac:TracOnWindowsIisAjp ISAPI]. 10 11 11 [[PageOutline(2-3,Overview,inline)]] 12 13 14 == Simple Apache configuration == 15 16 There are two FastCGI modules commonly available for Apache: `mod_fastcgi` and 17 `mod_fcgid` (preferred). The latter is more up-to-date. 12 == Apache configuration 13 14 There are two FastCGI modules commonly available for Apache: `mod_fastcgi` and `mod_fcgid` (preferred). The latter is more up-to-date. 18 15 19 16 The following sections focus on the FCGI specific setup, see also [wiki:TracModWSGI#ConfiguringAuthentication] for configuring the authentication in Apache. 20 17 21 Regardless of which cgi module is used, be sure the web server has executable permissions on the cgi-bin folder. While FastCGI will throw specific permissions errors, mod_fcgid will throw an ambiguous error if this has not been done. (Connection reset by peer: mod_fcgid: error reading data from FastCGI server) 22 23 === Set up with `mod_fastcgi` === 18 Regardless of which cgi module is used, be sure the web server has executable permissions on the cgi-bin folder. While FastCGI will throw specific permissions errors, mod_fcgid will throw an ambiguous error if this has not been done: `Connection reset by peer: mod_fcgid: error reading data from FastCGI server`. 19 20 === Set up with `mod_fastcgi` 21 24 22 `mod_fastcgi` uses `FastCgiIpcDir` and `FastCgiConfig` directives that should be added to an appropriate Apache configuration file: 25 {{{ 23 {{{#!apache 26 24 # Enable fastcgi for .fcgi files 27 25 # (If you're using a distro package for mod_fcgi, something like … … 33 31 LoadModule fastcgi_module /usr/lib/apache2/modules/mod_fastcgi.so 34 32 }}} 33 35 34 Setting `FastCgiIpcDir` is optional if the default is suitable. Note that the `LoadModule` line must be after the `IfModule` group. 36 35 37 Configure `ScriptAlias` or similar options as described in TracCgi, but 38 calling `trac.fcgi` instead of `trac.cgi`. 36 Configure `ScriptAlias` or similar options as described in TracCgi, but calling `trac.fcgi` instead of `trac.cgi`. 39 37 40 38 Add the following to the Apache configuration file (below the `FastCgiIpcDir` line) if you intend to set up the `TRAC_ENV` as an overall default: 41 {{{ 39 {{{#!apache 42 40 FastCgiConfig -initial-env TRAC_ENV=/path/to/env/trac 43 41 }}} 44 42 45 43 Alternatively, you can serve multiple Trac projects in a directory by adding this: 46 {{{ 44 {{{#!apache 47 45 FastCgiConfig -initial-env TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR=/parent/dir/of/projects 48 46 }}} 49 47 50 === Set up with `mod_fcgid` ===51 Configure `ScriptAlias` (see TracCgi for details), but call `trac.fcgi` 52 instead of `trac.cgi`. Note that slash at the end - it is important. 53 {{{ 48 === Set up with `mod_fcgid` 49 50 Configure `ScriptAlias` (see TracCgi for details), but call `trac.fcgi` instead of `trac.cgi`: 51 {{{#!apache 54 52 ScriptAlias /trac /path/to/www/trac/cgi-bin/trac.fcgi/ 55 53 }}} 56 54 57 To set up Trac environment for `mod_fcgid` it is necessary to use 58 `DefaultInitEnv` directive. It cannot be used in `Directory` or 59 `Location` context, so if you need to support multiple projects, try 60 alternative environment setup below. 61 62 {{{ 55 Note the slash at the end. 56 57 To set up Trac environment for `mod_fcgid` it is necessary to use `DefaultInitEnv` directive. It cannot be used in `Directory` or `Location` context, so if you need to support multiple projects, try the alternative environment setup below: 58 {{{#!apache 63 59 DefaultInitEnv TRAC_ENV /path/to/env/trac/ 64 60 }}} 65 61 66 === alternative environment setup === 67 A better method to specify path to Trac environment is to embed the path 68 into `trac.fcgi` script itself. That doesn't require configuration of server 69 environment variables, works for both FastCgi modules 70 (and for [http://www.lighttpd.net/ lighttpd] and CGI as well): 71 {{{ 62 === Alternative environment setup 63 64 A better method to specify the path to the Trac environment is to embed the path into `trac.fcgi` script itself. That doesn't require configuration of the server environment variables, works for both [trac:FastCgi] modules as well as for [http://www.lighttpd.net/ lighttpd] and CGI: 65 {{{#!python 72 66 import os 73 67 os.environ['TRAC_ENV'] = "/path/to/projectenv" 74 68 }}} 75 or 76 {{{ 69 70 or: 71 {{{#!python 77 72 import os 78 73 os.environ['TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR'] = "/path/to/project/parent/dir" 79 74 }}} 80 75 81 With this method different projects can be supported by using different 82 `.fcgi` scripts with different `ScriptAliases`. 76 With this method different projects can be supported by using different `.fcgi` scripts with different `ScriptAliases`. 83 77 84 78 See [https://coderanger.net/~coderanger/httpd/fcgi_example.conf this fcgid example config] which uses a !ScriptAlias directive with trac.fcgi with a trailing / like this: 85 {{{ 79 {{{#!apache 86 80 ScriptAlias / /srv/tracsite/cgi-bin/trac.fcgi/ 87 81 }}} 88 82 89 == Simple Cherokee Configuration ==90 91 The configuration on Cherokee's side is quite simple. You will only need to know that you can spawn Trac as an SCGI process.92 You can either start it manually, or better yet, automatically by letting Cherokee spawn the server whenever it is down. 93 First set up an information source in cherokee-admin with a local interpreter .83 == Cherokee Configuration 84 85 Configuring [http://cherokee-project.com/ Cherokee] with Trac is straightforward, if you spawn Trac as an SCGI process. You can either start it manually, or better yet, automatically by letting Cherokee spawn the server whenever it is down. 86 87 First set up an information source in cherokee-admin with a local interpreter: 94 88 95 89 {{{ … … 104 98 105 99 After doing this, we will just have to create a new rule managed by the SCGI handler to access Trac. It can be created in a new virtual server, trac.example.net for instance, and will only need two rules. The '''default''' one will use the SCGI handler associated to the previously created information source. 106 The second rule will be there to serve the few static files needed to correctly display the Trac interface. Create it as ''Directory rule'' for ''/common'' and just set it to the ''Static files'' handler and with a ''Document root'' that points to the appropriate files: ''$TRAC_LOCAL/htdocs/'' (where $TRAC_LOCAL is a directory defined by the user or the system administrator to place local trac resources). 107 108 Note:\\ 109 If the tracd process fails to start up, and cherokee displays a 503 error page, you might be missing the [http://trac.saddi.com/flup python-flup] package.\\ 110 Python-flup is a dependency which provides trac with SCGI capability. You can install it on debian based systems with: 111 {{{ 100 The second rule will be there to serve the few static files needed to correctly display the Trac interface. Create it as ''Directory rule'' for ''/common'' and just set it to the ''Static files'' handler and with a ''Document root'' that points to the appropriate files: ''$TRAC_LOCAL/htdocs/'' (where $TRAC_LOCAL is a directory defined by the user or the system administrator to place local Trac resources). 101 102 '''Note:''' If the tracd process fails to start up, and Cherokee displays a 503 error page, you might be missing the [http://trac.saddi.com/flup python-flup] package ([trac:#9903]). Python-flup is a dependency which provides Trac with SCGI capability. You can install it on Debian based systems with: 103 {{{#!sh 112 104 sudo apt-get install python-flup 113 105 }}} 114 106 115 116 == Simple Lighttpd Configuration == 117 118 The FastCGI front-end was developed primarily for use with alternative webservers, such as [http://www.lighttpd.net/ lighttpd]. 119 120 lighttpd is a secure, fast, compliant and very flexible web-server that has been optimized for high-performance 121 environments. It has a very low memory footprint compared to other web servers and takes care of CPU load. 122 123 For using `trac.fcgi`(prior to 0.11) / fcgi_frontend.py (0.11) with lighttpd add the following to your lighttpd.conf: 107 == Lighttpd Configuration 108 109 The FastCGI front-end was developed primarily for use with alternative webservers, such as [http://www.lighttpd.net/ Lighttpd]. 110 111 Lighttpd is a secure, fast, compliant and very flexible web-server that has been optimized for high-performance environments. It has a very low memory footprint compared to other web servers and takes care of CPU load. 112 113 For using `trac.fcgi`(prior to 0.11) / fcgi_frontend.py (0.11) with Lighttpd add the following to your lighttpd.conf: 124 114 {{{ 125 115 #var.fcgi_binary="/usr/bin/python /path/to/fcgi_frontend.py" # 0.11 if installed with easy_setup, it is inside the egg directory … … 138 128 }}} 139 129 140 Note that you will need to add a new entry to `fastcgi.server` for each separate Trac instance that you wish to run. Alternatively, you may use the `TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR` variable instead of `TRAC_ENV` as described above, 141 and you may set one of the two in `trac.fcgi` instead of in `lighttpd.conf` 142 using `bin-environment` (as in the section above on Apache configuration). 143 144 Note that lighttpd has a bug related to 'SCRIPT_NAME' and 'PATH_INFO' when the uri of fastcgi.server is '/' instead of '/trac' in this example (see [trac:#2418]). This is fixed in lighttpd 1.5, and under lighttpd 1.4.23 or later the workaround is to add `"fix-root-scriptname" => "enable"` as a parameter of fastcgi.server. 130 Note that you will need to add a new entry to `fastcgi.server` for each separate Trac instance that you wish to run. Alternatively, you may use the `TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR` variable instead of `TRAC_ENV` as described above, and you may set one of the two in `trac.fcgi` instead of in `lighttpd.conf` using `bin-environment`, as in the section above on Apache configuration. 131 132 Note that Lighttpd has a bug related to 'SCRIPT_NAME' and 'PATH_INFO' when the uri of fastcgi.server is '/' instead of '/trac' in this example (see [trac:#2418]). This is fixed in Lighttpd 1.5, and under Lighttpd 1.4.23 or later the workaround is to add `"fix-root-scriptname" => "enable"` as a parameter of fastcgi.server. 145 133 146 134 For using two projects with lighttpd add the following to your `lighttpd.conf`: … … 166 154 ) 167 155 }}} 168 Note that field values are different. If you prefer setting the environment 169 variables in the `.fcgi` scripts, then copy/rename `trac.fcgi`, e.g., to 170 `first.fcgi` and `second.fcgi`, and reference them in the above settings. 171 Note that the above will result in different processes in any event, even 172 if both are running from the same `trac.fcgi` script. 173 174 {{{ 175 #!div class=important 176 '''Note''' It's very important the order on which server.modules are loaded, if mod_auth is not loaded '''BEFORE''' mod_fastcgi, then the server will fail to authenticate the user. 156 157 Note that the field values are different. If you prefer setting the environment variables in the `.fcgi` scripts, then copy/rename `trac.fcgi`, eg to `first.fcgi` and `second.fcgi`, and reference them in the above settings. 158 Note that the above will result in different processes in any event, even if both are running from the same `trac.fcgi` script. 159 160 {{{#!div class=important 161 '''Note:''' The order in which the server.modules are loaded is very important: if mod_auth is not loaded '''before''' mod_fastcgi, then the server will fail to authenticate the user. 177 162 }}} 178 163 … … 213 198 ) 214 199 215 216 }}} 217 Note that lighttpd (I use version 1.4.3) stopped ifpassword file doesn't exist.218 219 Note that lighttpd doesn't support 'valid-user' in versions prior to 1.3.16.220 221 Conditional configuration is also useful for mapping static resources, i .e.serving out images and CSS directly instead of through FastCGI:200 }}} 201 202 Note that Lighttpd (v1.4.3) stops if the password file doesn't exist. 203 204 Note that Lighttpd doesn't support 'valid-user' in versions prior to 1.3.16. 205 206 Conditional configuration is also useful for mapping static resources, ie serving out images and CSS directly instead of through FastCGI: 222 207 {{{ 223 208 # Aliasing functionality is needed … … 243 228 } 244 229 }}} 230 245 231 The technique can be easily adapted for use with multiple projects by creating aliases for each of them, and wrapping the fastcgi.server declarations inside conditional configuration blocks. 246 Also there is another way to handle multiple projects and it's to use TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR instead of TRAC_ENV and use global auth, let's see an example: 232 233 Also there is another way to handle multiple projects and it uses `TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR` instead of `TRAC_ENV` as well as global authentication: 247 234 {{{ 248 235 # This is for handling multiple projects … … 274 261 }}} 275 262 276 Changing date/time format also supported by lighttpd over environment variable LC_TIME 263 Changing date/time format also supported by lighttpd over environment variable LC_TIME: 277 264 {{{ 278 265 fastcgi.server = ("/trac" => … … 288 275 ) 289 276 }}} 277 290 278 For details about languages specification see [trac:TracFaq TracFaq] question 2.13. 291 279 292 280 Other important information like the [wiki:TracInstall#MappingStaticResources mapping static resources advices] are useful for non-fastcgi specific installation aspects. 293 ] 294 295 Relaunch lighttpd, and browse to `http://yourhost.example.org/trac` to access Trac. 296 297 Note about running lighttpd with reduced permissions: 298 299 If nothing else helps and trac.fcgi doesn't start with lighttpd settings `server.username = "www-data"`, `server.groupname = "www-data"`, then in the `bin-environment` section set `PYTHON_EGG_CACHE` to the home directory of `www-data` or some other directory accessible to this account for writing. 300 301 302 == Simple !LiteSpeed Configuration == 281 282 Relaunch Lighttpd and browse to `http://yourhost.example.org/trac` to access Trac. 283 284 Note about running Lighttpd with reduced permissions: If nothing else helps and trac.fcgi doesn't start with Lighttpd settings `server.username = "www-data"`, `server.groupname = "www-data"`, then in the `bin-environment` section set `PYTHON_EGG_CACHE` to the home directory of `www-data` or some other directory accessible to this account for writing. 285 286 == !LiteSpeed Configuration 303 287 304 288 The FastCGI front-end was developed primarily for use with alternative webservers, such as [http://www.litespeedtech.com/ LiteSpeed]. … … 306 290 !LiteSpeed web server is an event-driven asynchronous Apache replacement designed from the ground-up to be secure, scalable, and operate with minimal resources. !LiteSpeed can operate directly from an Apache config file and is targeted for business-critical environments. 307 291 308 1. Please make sure you have first have a working install of a Trac project. Test install with “tracd” first. 309 310 2. Create a Virtual Host for this setup. From now on we will refer to this vhost as !TracVhost. For this tutorial we will be assuming that your trac project will be accessible via: 311 292 1. Please make sure you have a working install of a Trac project. Test install with "tracd" first. 293 1. Create a Virtual Host for this setup. From now on we will refer to this vhost as !TracVhost. For this tutorial we will be assuming that your Trac project will be accessible via: 312 294 {{{ 313 295 http://yourdomain.com/trac/ 314 296 }}} 315 316 3. Go “!TracVhost → External Apps” tab and create a new “External Application”. 317 297 1. Go "!TracVhost → External Apps" tab and create a new "External Application": 318 298 {{{ 319 299 Name: MyTracFCGI … … 331 311 Instances: 10 332 312 }}} 333 334 4. Optional. If you need to use htpasswd based authentication. Go to “!TracVhost → Security” tab and create a new security “Realm”. 335 336 {{{ 313 1. Optional: If you need to use htpasswd based authentication. Go to "!TracVhost → Security" tab and create a new security Realm: 314 {{{ 337 315 DB Type: Password File 338 316 Realm Name: MyTracUserDB <--- any name you wish and referenced later 339 317 User DB Location: /fullpathto/htpasswd <--- path to your htpasswd file 340 318 }}} 341 342 If you don’t have a htpasswd file or don’t know how to create the entries within one, go to http://sherylcanter.com/encrypt.php, to generate the user:password combos. 343 344 5. Go to “!PythonVhost → Contexts” and create a new “FCGI Context”. 345 346 {{{ 319 If you don’t have a htpasswd file or don’t know how to create the entries within one, go to http://sherylcanter.com/encrypt.php, to generate the user:password combos. 320 1. Go to "!PythonVhost → Contexts" and create a new FCGI Context: 321 {{{ 347 322 URI: /trac/ <--- URI path to bind to python fcgi app we created 348 Fast CGI App: [VHost Level] MyTractFCGI <--- select the trac fcgi extapp we just created323 Fast CGI App: [VHost Level] MyTractFCGI <--- select the Trac fcgi extapp we just created 349 324 Realm: TracUserDB <--- only if (4) is set. select realm created in (4) 350 325 }}} 351 352 6. Modify `/fullpathto/mytracproject/conf/trac.ini` 353 354 {{{ 326 1. Modify `/fullpathto/mytracproject/conf/trac.ini`: 327 {{{ 355 328 #find/set base_rul, url, and link variables 356 329 base_url = http://yourdomain.com/trac/ <--- base url to generate correct links to … … 358 331 link = http://yourdomain.com/trac/ <--- link of graphic logo 359 332 }}} 360 361 7. Restart !LiteSpeed, “lswsctrl restart”, and access your new Trac project at: 362 363 {{{ 364 http://yourdomain.com/trac/ 365 }}} 366 367 368 == Simple Nginx Configuration == 369 370 Nginx is able to communicate with FastCGI processes, but can not spawn them. So you need to start FastCGI server for Trac separately. 333 1. Restart !LiteSpeed: `lswsctrl restart`, and access your new Trac project at {{{http://yourdomain.com/trac/}}}. 334 335 == Nginx Configuration 336 337 [http://nginx.org/en/ Nginx] is able to communicate with FastCGI processes, but can not spawn them. So you need to start FastCGI server for Trac separately. 371 338 372 339 1. Nginx configuration with basic authentication handled by Nginx - confirmed to work on 0.6.32 373 {{{ 340 {{{#!nginx 374 341 server { 375 342 listen 10.9.8.7:443; … … 386 353 ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; 387 354 388 # (Or ``^/some/prefix/(.*)``.389 if ($uri ~ ^/(.*)) {390 set $path_info/$1;355 # it makes sense to serve static resources through Nginx (or ``~ [/some/prefix]/chrome/(.*)``) 356 location ~ /chrome/(.*) { 357 alias /home/trac/instance/static/htdocs/$1; 391 358 } 392 359 393 # it makes sense to serve static resources through Nginx 394 location /chrome/ { 395 alias /home/trac/instance/static/htdocs/; 396 } 397 398 # You can copy this whole location to ``location [/some/prefix]/login`` 360 # You can copy this whole location to ``location [/some/prefix](/login)`` 399 361 # and remove the auth entries below if you want Trac to enforce 400 362 # authorization where appropriate instead of needing to authenticate 401 363 # for accessing the whole site. 402 # (Or `` location /some/prefix``.)403 location /{364 # (Or ``~ location /some/prefix(/.*)``.) 365 location ~ (/.*) { 404 366 auth_basic "trac realm"; 405 367 auth_basic_user_file /home/trac/htpasswd; … … 415 377 # (Or ``fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME /some/prefix``.) 416 378 fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME ""; 417 fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_script_name;379 fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $1; 418 380 419 381 ## WSGI NEEDED VARIABLES - trac warns about them … … 439 401 }}} 440 402 1. Modified trac.fcgi: 441 {{{ 403 {{{#!python 442 404 #!/usr/bin/env python 443 405 import os … … 470 432 471 433 }}} 472 1. reload nginx and launch trac.fcgi like that:434 1. Reload nginx and launch trac.fcgi: 473 435 {{{#!sh 474 436 trac@trac.example ~ $ ./trac-standalone-fcgi.py … … 476 438 477 439 The above assumes that: 478 * There is a user named 'trac' for running trac instances and keeping trac environments in its home directory.479 * `/home/trac/instance` contains a trac environment440 * There is a user named 'trac' for running Trac instances and keeping Trac environments in its home directory 441 * `/home/trac/instance` contains a Trac environment 480 442 * `/home/trac/htpasswd` contains authentication information 481 * `/home/trac/run` is owned by the same group the nginx runs under443 * `/home/trac/run` is owned by the same group the Nginx runs under 482 444 * and if your system is Linux the `/home/trac/run` has setgid bit set (`chmod g+s run`) 483 * and patch from ticket #T7239is applied, or you'll have to fix the socket file permissions every time484 485 Unfortunately nginx does not support variable expansion in fastcgi_pass directive.486 Thus it is not possible to serve multiple trac instances from one server block.487 488 If you worry enough about security, run trac instances under separate users.489 490 Another way to run trac as a FCGI external application is offered in ticket #T6224445 * and patch from [trac:#7239] is applied, or you'll have to fix the socket file permissions every time 446 447 Unfortunately Nginx does not support variable expansion in fastcgi_pass directive. 448 Thus it is not possible to serve multiple Trac instances from one server block. 449 450 If you worry enough about security, run Trac instances under separate users. 451 452 Another way to run Trac as a FCGI external application is offered in [trac:#6224]. 491 453 492 454 ---- 493 See also: 455 See also: TracGuide, TracInstall, [wiki:TracModWSGI ModWSGI], [wiki:TracCgi CGI], [wiki:TracModPython ModPython], [trac:TracNginxRecipe TracNginxRecipe]