/*
 *    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 *    (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *    GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 *    Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
 */

/*
 *    RemoveUseless.java
 *    Copyright (C) 2002 University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
 *
 */

package weka.filters.unsupervised.attribute;

import weka.core.AttributeStats;
import weka.core.Capabilities;
import weka.core.Instance; 
import weka.core.DenseInstance;
import weka.core.Instances;
import weka.core.Option;
import weka.core.OptionHandler;
import weka.core.RevisionUtils;
import weka.core.Utils;
import weka.core.Capabilities.Capability;
import weka.filters.Filter;
import weka.filters.UnsupervisedFilter;

import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Vector;

/** 
 <!-- globalinfo-start -->
 * This filter removes attributes that do not vary at all or that vary too much. All constant attributes are deleted automatically, along with any that exceed the maximum percentage of variance parameter. The maximum variance test is only applied to nominal attributes.
 * <p/>
 <!-- globalinfo-end -->
 * 
 <!-- options-start -->
 * Valid options are: <p/>
 * 
 * <pre> -M &lt;max variance %&gt;
 *  Maximum variance percentage allowed (default 99)</pre>
 * 
 <!-- options-end -->
 *
 * @author Richard Kirkby (rkirkby@cs.waikato.ac.nz)
 * @version $Revision: 5987 $
 */
public class RemoveUseless 
  extends Filter 
  implements UnsupervisedFilter, OptionHandler {
  
  /** for serialization */
  static final long serialVersionUID = -8659417851407640038L;

  /** The filter used to remove attributes */
  protected Remove m_removeFilter = null;

  /** The type of attribute to delete */
  protected double m_maxVariancePercentage = 99.0;

  /** 
   * Returns the Capabilities of this filter.
   *
   * @return            the capabilities of this object
   * @see               Capabilities
   */
  public Capabilities getCapabilities() {
    Capabilities result = super.getCapabilities();

    // attributes
    result.enable(Capability.NOMINAL_ATTRIBUTES);
    result.enable(Capability.NUMERIC_ATTRIBUTES);
    result.enable(Capability.DATE_ATTRIBUTES);
    result.enable(Capability.STRING_ATTRIBUTES);
    result.enable(Capability.MISSING_VALUES);
    
    // class
    result.enableAllClasses();
    result.enable(Capability.MISSING_CLASS_VALUES);
    result.enable(Capability.NO_CLASS);
    
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Sets the format of the input instances.
   *
   * @param instanceInfo an Instances object containing the input instance
   * structure (any instances contained in the object are ignored - only the
   * structure is required).
   * @return true if the outputFormat may be collected immediately
   * @throws Exception if the inputFormat can't be set successfully 
   */ 
  public boolean setInputFormat(Instances instanceInfo) throws Exception {

    super.setInputFormat(instanceInfo);
    m_removeFilter = null;
    return false;
  }

  /**
   * Input an instance for filtering.
   *
   * @param instance the input instance
   * @return true if the filtered instance may now be
   * collected with output().
   */
  public boolean input(Instance instance) {

    if (getInputFormat() == null) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("No input instance format defined");
    }
    if (m_NewBatch) {
      resetQueue();
      m_NewBatch = false;
    }
    if (m_removeFilter != null) {
      m_removeFilter.input(instance);
      Instance processed = m_removeFilter.output();
      processed.setDataset(getOutputFormat());
      copyValues(processed, false, instance.dataset(), getOutputFormat());
      push(processed);
      return true;
    }
    bufferInput(instance);
    return false;
  }

  /**
   * Signify that this batch of input to the filter is finished.
   *
   * @return true if there are instances pending output
   * @throws Exception if no input format defined
   */  
  public boolean batchFinished() throws Exception {

    if (getInputFormat() == null) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("No input instance format defined");
    }
    if (m_removeFilter == null) {

      // establish attributes to remove from first batch

      Instances toFilter = getInputFormat();
      int[] attsToDelete = new int[toFilter.numAttributes()];
      int numToDelete = 0;
      for(int i = 0; i < toFilter.numAttributes(); i++) {
	if (i==toFilter.classIndex()) continue; // skip class
	AttributeStats stats = toFilter.attributeStats(i);
	if (stats.distinctCount < 2) {
	  // remove constant attributes
	  attsToDelete[numToDelete++] = i;
	} else if (toFilter.attribute(i).isNominal()) {
	  // remove nominal attributes that vary too much
	  double variancePercent = (double) stats.distinctCount
	    / (double)(stats.totalCount - stats.missingCount) * 100.0;
	  if (variancePercent > m_maxVariancePercentage) {
	      attsToDelete[numToDelete++] = i;
	  }
	}
      }
      
      int[] finalAttsToDelete = new int[numToDelete];
      System.arraycopy(attsToDelete, 0, finalAttsToDelete, 0, numToDelete);
      
      m_removeFilter = new Remove();
      m_removeFilter.setAttributeIndicesArray(finalAttsToDelete);
      m_removeFilter.setInvertSelection(false);
      m_removeFilter.setInputFormat(toFilter);
      
      for (int i = 0; i < toFilter.numInstances(); i++) {
	m_removeFilter.input(toFilter.instance(i));
      }
      m_removeFilter.batchFinished();

      Instance processed;
      Instances outputDataset = m_removeFilter.getOutputFormat();
    
      // restore old relation name to hide attribute filter stamp
      outputDataset.setRelationName(toFilter.relationName());
    
      setOutputFormat(outputDataset);
      while ((processed = m_removeFilter.output()) != null) {
	processed.setDataset(outputDataset);
	push(processed);
      }
    }
    flushInput();
    
    m_NewBatch = true;
    return (numPendingOutput() != 0);
  }

  /**
   * Returns an enumeration describing the available options.
   *
   * @return an enumeration of all the available options.
   */
  public Enumeration listOptions() {

    Vector newVector = new Vector(1);

    newVector.addElement(new Option(
				    "\tMaximum variance percentage allowed (default 99)",
				    "M", 1, "-M <max variance %>"));


    return newVector.elements();
  }

  /**
   * Parses a given list of options. <p/>
   * 
   <!-- options-start -->
   * Valid options are: <p/>
   * 
   * <pre> -M &lt;max variance %&gt;
   *  Maximum variance percentage allowed (default 99)</pre>
   * 
   <!-- options-end -->
   *
   * @param options the list of options as an array of strings
   * @throws Exception if an option is not supported
   */
  public void setOptions(String[] options) throws Exception {
    
    String mString = Utils.getOption('M', options);
    if (mString.length() != 0) {
      setMaximumVariancePercentageAllowed((int) Double.valueOf(mString).doubleValue());
    } else {
      setMaximumVariancePercentageAllowed(99.0);
    }

    if (getInputFormat() != null) {
      setInputFormat(getInputFormat());
    }
  }

  /**
   * Gets the current settings of the filter.
   *
   * @return an array of strings suitable for passing to setOptions
   */
  public String [] getOptions() {

    String [] options = new String [2];
    int current = 0;

    options[current++] = "-M";
    options[current++] = "" + getMaximumVariancePercentageAllowed();
    
    while (current < options.length) {
      options[current++] = "";
    }
    return options;
  }

  /**
   * Returns a string describing this filter
   *
   * @return a description of the filter suitable for
   * displaying in the explorer/experimenter gui
   */
  public String globalInfo() {
    return 
        "This filter removes attributes that do not vary at all or that vary "
      + "too much. All constant attributes are deleted automatically, along "
      + "with any that exceed the maximum percentage of variance parameter. "
      + "The maximum variance test is only applied to nominal attributes.";
  }

  /**
   * Returns the tip text for this property
   *
   * @return tip text for this property suitable for
   * displaying in the explorer/experimenter gui
   */
  public String maximumVariancePercentageAllowedTipText() {

    return "Set the threshold for the highest variance allowed before a nominal attribute will be deleted."
      + "Specifically, if (number_of_distinct_values / total_number_of_values * 100)"
      + " is greater than this value then the attribute will be removed.";
  }

  /**
   * Sets the maximum variance attributes are allowed to have before they are
   * deleted by the filter.
   *
   * @param maxVariance the maximum variance allowed, specified as a percentage
   */
  public void setMaximumVariancePercentageAllowed(double maxVariance) {
    
    m_maxVariancePercentage = maxVariance;
  }

  /**
   * Gets the maximum variance attributes are allowed to have before they are
   * deleted by the filter.
   *
   * @return the maximum variance allowed, specified as a percentage
   */
  public double getMaximumVariancePercentageAllowed() {

    return m_maxVariancePercentage;
  }
  
  /**
   * Returns the revision string.
   * 
   * @return		the revision
   */
  public String getRevision() {
    return RevisionUtils.extract("$Revision: 5987 $");
  }

  /**
   * Main method for testing this class.
   *
   * @param argv should contain arguments to the filter: use -h for help
   */
  public static void main(String [] argv) {
    runFilter(new RemoveUseless(), argv);
  }
}
